https://www.andyibanez.com/tags/ipados/Recent content in Ipados on Andy IbanezHugoen-usWed, 29 Sep 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/the-mysterious-codablewithconfiguration-protocol/Wed, 29 Sep 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/the-mysterious-codablewithconfiguration-protocol/<p>The Mysterious CodableWithConfiguration Protocol</p> <p>Every year, at WWDC, Apple gives us a lot of new things to play around with. For the big new things, they prepare session videos and labs so developers can experiment with the new technologies and hopefully integrate them in their apps by the time the new OSes are out.</p> <p>The &ldquo;big things&rdquo; are one thing, but Apple introduces <em>a bunch</em> of new APIs every year. Many (oh boy, <strong>many</strong>) of them do not get any coverage at WWDC at all. Not in a session, and sometimes not even a small mention of them anywhere.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/Wed, 08 Sep 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/<h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/">Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Group Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/">Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift/">@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model">Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/">Using AsyncSequence in Swift</a></li> <li><strong>Modern Swift Concurrency Summary, Cheatsheet, and Thanks</strong></li> </ol> <hr> <p>Since WWDC21, we have talked, extensively, about all the new concurrency features introduced in Swift 5.5. We covered <em>a lot</em> of topics, so I decided to finish off this series writing a summary article were we cover the most important topics of each article. Links will be given to the relevant articles when necessary in case this summary is not enough.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/Wed, 01 Sep 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/<ul> <li>This article is part of my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift Article Series</a>.*</li> </ul> <h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/">Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Group Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/">Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift/">@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model">Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</a></li> <li><strong>Using AsyncSequence in Swift</strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/">Modern Swift Concurrency Summary, Cheatsheet, and Thanks</a></li> </ol> <hr> <p>Along the new concurrency APIs introduced in Swift at WWDC2021, we have AsyncSequence. <code>AsyncSequence</code> is a collection protocol that allow us to receive data in loops and even top higher order functions - such as <code>filter</code>, <code>map</code> and <code>reduce</code> - asynchronously, being able to <code>await</code> for new data as it becomes available.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model/Wed, 18 Aug 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model/<p><em>This article is part of my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift Article Series</a>.</em></p> <h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/">Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Task Groups in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/">Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift">@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</a></li> <li><strong>Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/">Using AsyncSequence in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/">Modern Swift Concurrency Summary, Cheatsheet, and Thanks</a></li> </ol> <hr> <p>Sharing Data Across Tasks with @TaskLocal with the new Swift Concurrency Model</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift/Wed, 11 Aug 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift/<p><em>This article is part of my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift Article Series</a>.</em></p> <h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/">Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Task Groups in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/">Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</a></li> <li><strong>@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</strong></li> <li><a href="posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model">Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/">Using AsyncSequence in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/">Modern Swift Concurrency Summary, Cheatsheet, and Thanks</a></li> </ol> <hr> <p>We have recently talked about <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">actors</a>, what they are, and how to use them. If you remember, an actor controls access to its properties, so a member doesn&rsquo;t get written from different processes at the same time, avoiding corrupted data.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/Wed, 04 Aug 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/<p><em>This article is part of my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift Article Series</a>.</em></p> <h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/">Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Task Groups in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/">Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><strong>Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift">@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model">Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/">Using AsyncSequence in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/">Modern Swift Concurrency Summary, Cheatsheet, and Thanks</a></li> </ol> <hr> <p>When we are working with concurrency, the most common problem developers face are data races. Whether it is a task updating a value at the same time another task is reading it or two tasks writing a value so that it it has an invalid value, data races are probably the main pain point of concurrency. Data races are very easy create, and hard to debug. There are entire books dedicated to the problem of data races and established patterns to avoid them.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/Wed, 28 Jul 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/<p><em>This article is part of my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift Article Series</a>.</em></p> <p><em>This article was originally written creating examples using Xcode 13 beta 1. The article, code samples, and provided sample project have been updated for Xcode 13 beta 3.</em></p> <h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/">Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Task Groups in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a></li> <li><strong>Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift/">@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model">Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/">Using AsyncSequence in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/">Modern Swift Concurrency Summary, Cheatsheet, and Thanks</a></li> </ol> <hr> <p><em>Understanding async tasks is a requirement to read this article. If you don&rsquo;t understand async tasks, you can read the <a href="">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a> article from this Article Series</em></p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/Wed, 14 Jul 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/<p><em>This article is part of my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift Article Series</a>.</em></p> <p><em>This article was originally written creating examples using Xcode 13 beta 1. The article, code samples, and provided sample project have been updated for Xcode 13 beta 3.</em></p> <h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/">Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Task Groups in Swift</a></li> <li><strong>Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/">Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift/">@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model">Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/">Using AsyncSequence in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/">Modern Swift Concurrency Summary, Cheatsheet, and Thanks</a></li> </ol> <hr> <p><em>Understanding Structured Concurrency in Swift is a pre-requisite to read this article. If you aren&rsquo;t familiar with that concept, feel free to read the <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Beginning Concurrency in Swift: Structured Concurrency and async-let</a> and <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Group Tasks in Swift</a> articles of this series.</em></p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/Wed, 07 Jul 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/<p><em>This article is part of my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift Article Series</a>.</em></p> <p><em>This article was originally written creating examples using Xcode 13 beta 1. The article, code samples, and provided sample project have been updated for Xcode 13 beta 3.</em></p> <h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/">Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</a></li> <li><strong>Structured Concurrency With Task Groups in Swift</strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/">Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift/">@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model">Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/">Using AsyncSequence in Swift</a></li> </ol> <hr> <p><em>Understanding Structured Concurrency and <code>async let</code> is a pre-requisite to read this article. If you aren&rsquo;t familiar with that concept, feel free to read the third part of this article series: <a href="">Beginning Concurrency in Swift: Structured Concurrency and async-let</a>.</em></p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/Wed, 30 Jun 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/<p><em>This article is part of my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift</a> article series.</em></p> <p><em>This article was originally written creating examples using Xcode 13 beta 1. The article, code samples, and provided sample project have been updated for Xcode 13 beta 3.</em></p> <h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/">Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><strong>Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Task Groups in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/">Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift/">@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model">Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/">Using AsyncSequence in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/">Modern Swift Concurrency Summary, Cheatsheet, and Thanks</a></li> </ol> <hr> <p><em>Understanding async/await is a pre-requisite to read this article. If you aren&rsquo;t familiar with that concept, feel free to read the first part of this article series: <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a>.</em></p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/Wed, 23 Jun 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/<p><em>This article is part of my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift</a> article series.</em></p> <p><em>This article was originally written creating examples using Xcode 13 beta 1. The article, code samples, and provided sample project have been updated for Xcode 13 beta 3.</em></p> <h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><strong>Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Task Groups in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/">Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift/">@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model">Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/">Using AsyncSequence in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/">Modern Swift Concurrency Summary, Cheatsheet, and Thanks</a></li> </ol> <hr> <p><em>To better benefit from this article, you should be familiar with async/await. If you aren&rsquo;t, feel free to read the first part of this article series: <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/">Understanding async/await in Swift</a>.</em></p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/Wed, 16 Jun 2021 07:01:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-async-await-in-swift/<p><em>This article is part of my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift</a> article series.</em></p> <p><em>This article was originally written creating examples using Xcode 13 beta 1. The article, code samples, and provided sample project have been updated for Xcode 13 beta 3.</em></p> <h6 id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h6> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/">Modern Concurrency in Swift: Introduction</a></li> <li><strong>Understanding async/await in Swift</strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/converting-closure-based-code-into-async-await-in-swift/">Converting closure-based code into async/await in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-in-swift-using-async-let/">Structured Concurrency in Swift: Using async let</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/structured-concurrency-with-group-tasks-in-swift/">Structured Concurrency With Group Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-to-unstructured-concurrency-in-swift/">Introduction to Unstructured Concurrency in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/unstructured-concurrency-with-detached-tasks-in-swift/">Unstructured Concurrency With Detached Tasks in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/understanding-actors-in-the-new-concurrency-model-in-swift/">Understanding Actors in the New Concurrency Model in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/mainactor-and-global-actors-in-swift/">@MainActor and Global Actors in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="posts/sharing-data-across-tasks-tasklocal-new-swift-concurrency-model">Sharing Data Across Tasks with the @TaskLocal property wrapper in the new Swift Concurrency Model</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-asyncsequence-in-swift/">Using AsyncSequence in Swift</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-swift-concurrency-summary-cheatsheet-thanks/">Modern Swift Concurrency Summary, Cheatsheet, and Thanks</a></li> </ol> <hr> <p>Before you try to dive in with concurrency in Swift, you need to understand async/await. There&rsquo;s no way around it. While async/await are not the only <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/multithreading-options-on-apple-platforms/">concurrency options</a>, Apple&rsquo;s SDKs are starting to make heavy use of them. There is no doubt that third-party library providers will start offering these as well.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/Wed, 16 Jun 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-concurrency-in-swift-introduction/<h1 id="introduction">Introduction</h1> <p><em>This article series was originally written creating examples using Xcode 13 beta 1. The articles in the series, code samples, and provided sample projects have been updated for Xcode 13 beta 3.</em></p> <p>This is a tutorial series focused on the new async/await APIs Apple introduced in WWDC2021. I do not know how many articles it is going to have yet, but they will be posted in the upcoming weeks.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/quick-tip-notifying-users-app-updates-for-free/Wed, 19 May 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/quick-tip-notifying-users-app-updates-for-free/<p>This may sound surprising to you, but even though we have app autoupdate on iOS now (and we have had it for a very long time), many people don&rsquo;t have it on, or the system simply doesn&rsquo;t prioritize app updates because users don&rsquo;t prioritize it enough. In fact, in my day job, in which I maintain a user-facing banking app, the vast majority of users are not even in the latest version. The most used version is the one we released in April, and we average one release per week for bug fixes alone, and about monthly for major new features.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/integrating-face-id-touch-id-swiftui/Wed, 12 May 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/integrating-face-id-touch-id-swiftui/<p>As SwiftUI is still relatively new, and it is not clear yet for many people how to use MVVM on iOS, I decided to write this short article in which I explain how one would integrate Face ID/Touch ID with SwiftUI.</p> <p>Let&rsquo;s remember that SwiftUI uses the MVVM design pattern over the traditional MVC, and this can be confusing for people who are migrating to the new pattern for the first time. That said, the main takeaway from this article is to understand that views get destroyed and rebuilt <em>very</em> often in SwiftUI, and therefore the right place to write this kind of logic is in the <code>ViewModel</code></p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-nsmeasurement-for-working-with-dimensions-and-units/Wed, 24 Mar 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-nsmeasurement-for-working-with-dimensions-and-units/<p>Software development can be an easy thing, as it can be a very complex thing. And one of those complex things is keeping in mind all the different languages, locations, and standards users may use in their daily lives. This makes working with certain information. From different date formats to entirely different measuring system, software is challenging, especially when working with anything that requires localization. The situation is just so bad that a lot of software just make assumptions about their users environment and don&rsquo;t let you change any settings.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/getting-to-know-the-simulator-better/Wed, 10 Mar 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/getting-to-know-the-simulator-better/<p>Every iOS developer has used the simulator. Alongside Xcode, it&rsquo;s probably one of the most used tool by us all. We use the simulator to test our iOS, iPadOS, and watchOS apps without having to run them in an iOS device.</p> <p>But other than helping us test our apps, the simulator actually has many nice features that can help make our job a little bit easier. With the use of these features we can avoid using physical devices until it&rsquo;s time to do an actual test run or one.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/multithreading-options-on-apple-platforms/Wed, 24 Feb 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/multithreading-options-on-apple-platforms/<p>We have reached the point in which computers are really fast. Especially Apple&rsquo;s, as they have control of both the hardware and software, so, oftentimes, some tasks that could be sped up with multithreading, are not necessary anymore. But, for those cases when you do need multithreading, we have many options available.</p> <p>On Apple&rsquo;s platforms there is a surprising amount of concurrency tools. You are likely familiar with the most used one, the Grand Central Dispatch, <code>DispatchQueue</code>, which is pretty good and it covers the vast majority of use cases. But there are some tasks that can be done easier with other tools.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/intercepting-ios-network-request-calls-proxyman/Wed, 10 Feb 2021 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/intercepting-ios-network-request-calls-proxyman/<p>Intercepting iOS Network Request Calls with Proxyman</p> <p>Working with network APIs can be tricky, especially when debugging. You oftentimes have to ask yourself if your app is sending and receiving the expected information. You also often worry about whether the web service returns whatever it promises it will return. Working with APIs is both easy and tricky due to all the implications behind the scenes. What happens if the service goes down and sends unexpected responses? Or if your app loses internet connection? Using a proxy to intercept network calls will help us answer these questions.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/quick-tip-hosting-json-files-github-for-free/Wed, 04 Nov 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/quick-tip-hosting-json-files-github-for-free/<p>There are times in which you may want to host small JSON (or other small types of files) somewhere because your app needs them. Maybe you want to configure feature flags, or maybe you want to host IAP identifiers somewhere so as to not hardcode them in your app. This last case is something I did recently.</p> <p>The immediate thought will be get a cheap server somewhere - after all, using something like <a href="https://www.vultr.com/products/cloud-compute/#pricing">Vultr</a> you can get cheap hosting for as low as $2.50 per month. But did you know Github allows you to publish static websites, and you can piggyback that on that to store remote &ldquo;config&rdquo; about your apps?</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/parsing-tricky-json-codable-swift/Wed, 28 Oct 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/parsing-tricky-json-codable-swift/<p>If you have been writing Swift in the past couple of years, you have probably been using <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/codable"><code>Codable</code></a> (which is really just the composition of <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/decodable"><code>Decodable</code></a> and <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/encodable"><code>Encodable</code></a> in the same protocol).</p> <p>If you have been writing iOS apps for longer, you likely know about <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/jsonserialization"><code>JSONSerialization</code></a> as well, which is the backbone of <code>Codable</code> and it allows you to do more manual work when parsing JSON, seemingly giving you more control.</p> <p>If you know <code>JSONSerialization</code>, you have probably found times in which Codable seemingly doesn&rsquo;t give you the flexibility you need, and you may have been tempted to drop <code>Codable</code> in favor of <code>JSONSerialization</code> when parsing very specific or even corrupted JSON.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/a-more-practical-custom-formatter/Wed, 21 Oct 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/a-more-practical-custom-formatter/<p>I had announced that I wouldn&rsquo;t be able to write an article this week due to it being Elections Day in my country. that said I just can&rsquo;t leave you guys without article, so this is a short one.</p> <p>We will write another <code>NSFormatter</code> subclass. It will allow us to compose E-mails easily. This should also help show that formatters can format string into anything else really.</p> <p>In short, we will be able to &ldquo;compose&rdquo; emails using raw strings, like this:</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/projects/silvianna/Sat, 17 Oct 2020 11:48:58 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/projects/silvianna/<p>Silvianna is the best Anilist client for iOS.</p> <p>Anilist is the popular website for anime and manga fans, where you can keep track of your favorite series, or discover something new to watch or read.</p> <p>Silvianna comes packed with power features for list management. The app allows you to modify anything about items on your list as long as it is supported by Anilist.</p> <p>FEATURES:</p> <ul> <li>Friendly on the smallest iPhone and the biggest iPad.</li> <li>Keep track of series that are currently airing easily. Series that you haven&rsquo;t watcheda all the episodes of and are currently airing will have a visible red banner telling you how many episodes behind you are, making it easy to keep track of everything you watch.</li> <li>When you finish watching a series, you will automatically be prompted for the rating. You no longer need to navigate through different screens if you weren&rsquo;t able to rate something you watched.</li> <li>When rating a series, it will use the rating system currently set in your Anilist account. It doesn&rsquo;t matter if you are using the standard 10 point system, 10 point decimal system, 5-star system, or even the Emoji system - Silvianna supports all the rating systems provided by Anilist.</li> <li>If your rating system supports Advanced Scoring, Silvianna will grab your parameters and you will be able to also perform advanced scoring according to your custom parameters.</li> <li>You have access to your Anilist profile, so you can access your Manga and Anime lists easily and quickly.</li> <li>Multiwindow support on the iPad.</li> <li>You can search the entire Anilist database for Anime and Manga.</li> </ul> <p>This is just the initial release of Silvianna, and we are excited to make the project grow with your feedback and ideas.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/writing-custom-nsformatters-swift/Wed, 14 Oct 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/writing-custom-nsformatters-swift/<p>Last year we explored <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/nsformatter/">some NSFormatters and how to use them</a>. We also explored some formatters <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/formatting-relative-dates-relativedatetimeformatter/">introduced in iOS 13</a>. Finally, a few weeks ago <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/formatting-notes-and-gotchas/">we learned about yet more formatters, and how to better use the ones we already had</a>. In short, we have explored how powerful NSFormatter is. One thing we haven&rsquo;t done yet though, is to write our own custom <code>NSFormatter</code> subclass.</p> <h1 id="nsformatter">NSFormatter</h1> <p><code>NSFormatter</code> is an abstract class. All formatter classes inherit from it. In Swift, everything we need about it is <code>open</code>, so we can create our own <code>NSFormatters</code> with ease.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/benchmarking-app-metrickit/Wed, 07 Oct 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/benchmarking-app-metrickit/<p>Sometimes we may be interested on how well our app is performing out there in the world. After all, our apps may be running in different environments that are hard to test or that Instruments may not catch.</p> <p>For this purpose, Apple introduced MetricKit back in WWDC2019. MetricKit allows us to aggregate and analyze this benchmark data on a per-device basis, and not only does it include information on performance and battery usage, but also on exceptions and crash reports.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/formatting-notes-and-gotchas/Wed, 30 Sep 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/formatting-notes-and-gotchas/<p>A year ago, we talked about <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/nsformatter/">using NSFormatter for formatting data in a human readable format</a>. WWDC2020 brings some updates and changes to the <code>NSFormatter</code> APIs that we need to be aware of. This article will complement the NSFormatter article from last year with best practices and things to look out for.</p> <h1 id="improvements-for-combinations-of-languages-and-regions">Improvements for Combinations of Languages and Regions.</h1> <p><code>NSFormatter</code> always does its best to format the data according to the user&rsquo;s language and region where relevant. Apple is improving the combinations for this because it&rsquo;s highly common for people to set their phones in a language that is not commonly used in a given region. This is pretty exciting for me, because I live in Bolivia where people speak Spanish, but I have used my devices in English for as long as I can remember.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/a-short-guide-localization-apple-platforms/Wed, 23 Sep 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/a-short-guide-localization-apple-platforms/<p>Translating our apps in different languages helps us reach wider audiences of different cultures. This reach can increase our app usage considerably and offer more monetization properties.</p> <p>In this short article we will mention the features Apples gives us to translate our apps to different languages, namely <code>NSLocalizedString</code> and and <code>stringsdict</code> files. You will also understand when you will want to use each, as they have different use cases and an app that takes localization seriously will use both.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/wwdc2020-whats-new-cryptokit/Mon, 14 Sep 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/wwdc2020-whats-new-cryptokit/<p>CryptoKit, introduced in WWDC2019, allows us to <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/common-cryptographic-operations-with-cryptokit/">perform cryptographic operations very easily</a>.</p> <p>While CryptoKit still doesn&rsquo;t offer many algorithms and functionality, it&rsquo;s still growing, and this year CryptoKit and do more.</p> <h1 id="hkdf">HKDF</h1> <p>Key derivation functions have been available from day one, but it wasn&rsquo;t possible to derive keys independently. It was only possible to do so if you were using elliptic curve key agreement protocols.</p> <p>To do this, there is a new <code>HKDF</code> object with static methods. One such method is <code>deriveKey</code> with multiple overloads:</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/logging-messages-unified-logging-system-apple-platforms/Wed, 09 Sep 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/logging-messages-unified-logging-system-apple-platforms/<p>Last time we <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-apples-unified-logging-system-ios14-swift/">talked about the basics of the Unified Logging System</a>, we set the basic concepts and code we need to write logs, along with the different logging levels, and more.</p> <p>In this article we will talk about actually logging messages, how the framework is &ldquo;smart enough&rdquo; to strip out sensitive user info by default, and how we can control what gets stripped.</p> <h1 id="logging-messages">Logging Messages</h1> <p>The framework supports interpolated strings right out of the box when you are using the new system in Swift.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-aswebauthenticationaession-swiftui/Wed, 02 Sep 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-aswebauthenticationaession-swiftui/<p>Working with REST APIs you have no control over can be a little monotonous. This is especially for OAuth 2.0 API that need you to do a little bit of setup, get your API keys with the service provider, and then you need to do the setup on your app&rsquo;s size: Configure your URL scheme, deal with that URL Scheme, and write code that does something when your app gets called with that URL.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-apples-unified-logging-system-ios14-swift/Wed, 26 Aug 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/introduction-apples-unified-logging-system-ios14-swift/<p>It is no surprise that software tend to write logs to a local file as they execute. As events, errors, or exceptional situations occur, a lot of software takes note of them using a local logging solution. This is done because these practices can allow us to troubleshoot problems for our users, find bugs, and in general understand the behavior of our software in untested or lesser tested scenarios.</p> <p>When comes to iOS and other Apple platforms, there have always been third party dependencies that allow you to do this. A lot of developers roll their own solution and write events in plain text files. It wasn&rsquo;t until iOS 8 and macOS 10.10 that Apple provided us with a unified logging system that is easy to use and is very performant - <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/os/oslog"><code>OSLog</code></a>.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/simpler-file-encryption-ios/Wed, 19 Aug 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/simpler-file-encryption-ios/<p>It&rsquo;s not news that iOS has a heavy a focus on privacy and security. Apple provides us with many tools to make encryption easy, like <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/common-cryptographic-operations-with-cryptokit/">CryptoKit</a>, a high-level Cryptography framework on iOS. When <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/cryptokit-not-enough/">CryptoKit is not enough</a>, we can leverage older, lower-level APIs to do more cryptographic operations or use cyphers not covered by CryptoKit. We can even make use of <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/cryptokit-secure-enclave/">the Secure Enclave</a> to leverage hardware-level security to our apps.</p> <p>This is all cool and dandy but did you know that you don&rsquo;t need to leverage any of the technologies above to secure data in your app? In this article we will provide a much simpler method to protect user data, without having to know the first thing about Cryptography at all, and without compromising security at all. If you know you need to protect data, you can consider this option before even considering directly dealing with cryptography at all.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/file-download-queue-combine/Wed, 12 Aug 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/file-download-queue-combine/<p>Combine allows us to create pipelines for a lot of tasks. Thanks to the fact it can do work concurrently without leveraging callbacks, it is very easy to build things that would otherwise be very complex.</p> <p>In this short article, we will build a file download queue that downloads images sequentially. You can use this as the base for more complex queues.</p> <p>The queue will download an array of images sequentially. If you wanted to support concurrent queues, it would probably be wise to instantiate this publisher as many times as necessary.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/common-reasons-background-tasks-fail-ios/Wed, 05 Aug 2020 00:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/common-reasons-background-tasks-fail-ios/<p><a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-background-tasks-ios13/">Apple introduced modern background tasks last year on iOS 13</a>. These new APIs have been out for a little over year (counting the beta period). Many developers have tried to adopt them to moderate success. Many of them have found them to be very unpredictable and that only work a fraction of the time. If you look around the internet (and even on the comments in that article), you will see many developers weren&rsquo;t able to get them to work as expected.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/custom-views-modifiers-xcode-library-swiftui/Wed, 29 Jul 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/custom-views-modifiers-xcode-library-swiftui/<p>Xcode 12 introduces the ability for developers to add their own SwiftUI views and modifiers to the Xcode library. This allows people using your code to discover your custom views, makes your codebase easier to learn, and it allows you to visually edit complex views visually rather than with code.</p> <p>In this short article we will explore how we can add our own views and modifiers to the Xcode library.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/wrapping-asynchronous-apis-into-combine-futures/Wed, 22 Jul 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/wrapping-asynchronous-apis-into-combine-futures/<p>Two of the concepts used a lot in Reactive Programming are the <em>Future</em> and <em>Promises</em>. Whether you have been using Combine for a while or are new to Reactive Programming, chances are you have seen these two words. These terms date to years ago. And I would be lying if I told you I knew what that they were for until I started learning Combine. The first time I heard about Futures and Promises was back in my NodeJS job half a decade ago, and I didn&rsquo;t understand these concepts back then.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/sharing-data-apple-devices-multipeerconnectivity-framework/Wed, 15 Jul 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/sharing-data-apple-devices-multipeerconnectivity-framework/<p>There are times when we may want to share data across instances of our app running on different physical devices. You could develop a server or even leverage cloud storage, but did you know Apple provides a framework to share data <em>directly</em> across devices, without having to use an intermediary? This framework is the MultipeerConnectivity framework, and it has actually been around for a while. In this article, we will explore this framework to understand how we can use it to share data across instances of our app in different devices directly.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/new-uidatepicker-ios14/Wed, 08 Jul 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/new-uidatepicker-ios14/<p>WWDC2020 brought many interesting and unexpected updates to many old and well known APIs. In this article, we will explore what&rsquo;s new with <code>UIDatePicker</code> on iOS, an API that has existed since the dawn of time and hasn&rsquo;t changed much since its introduction.</p> <h1 id="a-short-history-on-pickers">A Short History on Pickers</h1> <p><code>UIDatePicker</code> is an API that has existed since the very early days of the iOS SDK - it goes all the way back to iOS 2.0.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/uimenu-improvements-ios14/Thu, 18 Jun 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/uimenu-improvements-ios14/<p><a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uimenu"><code>UIMenu</code></a> is a new set of APIs that were originally introduced in iOS 13. The API allows us to add menus to different parts of our UIs, including binding actions to key combinations when using your iOS or iPadOS device with a keyboard. Starting on iOS and iPadOS 14 (and ported to macOS Catalyst), this object is more prevalent in the UI thanks to the fact it can be invoqued from different actions.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/error-protocol-specializations-swift/Thu, 18 Jun 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/error-protocol-specializations-swift/<p>Earlier this week I was scrolling through my Twitter feed as usual and I found <a href="https://twitter.com/harlanhaskins/status/1270399151730118656?s=20">this tweet</a> that made me realize I may have been handling errors incorrectly in Swift all my life. This prompted me to research a bit more about error handling in Swift, and it turns out there&rsquo;s many specialized <code>Error</code> protocols you can conform to, and you should probably be using them over the default <code>Error</code> provided by the language. All these specializations conform to <code>Error</code> themselves. In this article, we will explore a few specializations we can use when dealing with errors in Swift.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/scanning-and-text-recognition-with-visionkit/Wed, 10 Jun 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/scanning-and-text-recognition-with-visionkit/<p>It is amazing what we can do with smartphones these days. Document scanning and text recognition are nothing new. But being able to have such a functionality in our pockets is pretty neat. These days we can create apps that have such features very quickly thanks to the push Apple has been doing to promote Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence on their devices.</p> <p>Starting on iOS 11, we can natively scan documents with a system framework called VisionKit, and we can perform operations on images using a framework called Vision. It wasn&rsquo;t until iOS 13 that we finally had the ability to recognize text on images ourselves using the Vision framework, without leveraging third party libraries. In this article we will explore how we can use the VisionKit framework to scan documents and the Vision framework to detect text as two separate tasks, so you can see how easy these two tasks are and you can learn to put them together.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/ios-keychain-touch-id-face-id/Wed, 03 Jun 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/ios-keychain-touch-id-face-id/<p>If you have been <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-ios-keychain-swift/">using the keychain on your iOS apps</a> you may want to start using Face ID/Touch ID to let your user access your app and their data. This is a common use case but it&rsquo;s very easy to do incorrectly.</p> <p>Apple introduced Touch ID all the way back in 2013, and ever since then, every iOS device has come with some sort of biometric authentication method, be it Touch ID or Face ID. This has allowed developers to implement convenient unlocking into their apps to access sensitive data without having to ask for the passcode. If your app &ldquo;locks&rdquo; access in any way your users are probably expecting to &ldquo;unlock&rdquo; with their finger or Face ID, so it is your responsibility to implement in a way that is secure and can&rsquo;t be vulnered.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-ios-keychain-swift/Wed, 27 May 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-ios-keychain-swift/<p><em>This article is an entirely rewritten version of an old tutorial I wrote years ago titled &ldquo;Using the iOS Keychain&rdquo;. Originally written in Objective-C, the old version has been archived but it is accessible <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/old-content/">here</a>.</em></p> <p>The Keychain is the place where you would store sensitive data. As secure as iOS currently is, the keychain is the right place to store passwords, authentication tokens, and other sensitive data. You should not store this kind of data in <code>UserDefaults</code>, even if iOS has made it harder to access that data for normal users in the latest versions.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-nlembeddings/Wed, 04 Mar 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/using-nlembeddings/<p>There may be cases in which you need to find related words to others. With the <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/naturallanguage/nlembedding"><code>NSLEmbedding</code></a> class, you can find related strings based on the proximity of their vectors.</p> <h1 id="using-nlembedding">Using NLEmbedding</h1> <p>Using <code>NLEmbedding</code> is very straight forward. A simple task is to get an array of related words, which come as an array of <code>(String, NLDistance)</code> back.</p> <p>The distance between words tells you how &ldquo;related&rdquo; they are</p> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#cdd6f4;background-color:#1e1e2e;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-swift" data-lang="swift"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f38ba8">let</span> <span style="color:#f5e0dc">embedding</span> = NLEmbedding.wordEmbedding(<span style="color:#cba6f7">for</span>: .english) </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f38ba8">let</span> <span style="color:#f5e0dc">foundWords</span> = embedding!.neighbors(<span style="color:#cba6f7">for</span>: <span style="color:#a6e3a1">&#34;family&#34;</span>, maximumCount: <span style="color:#fab387">3</span>) </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#89dceb">print</span>(foundWords) </span></span></code></pre></div><p>In this example, it will print:</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/analyzing-text-nltagger/Wed, 26 Feb 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/analyzing-text-nltagger/<p>In the past few weeks, we have explored how we can <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/tokenizing-nltokenizer/">tokenize natural language text</a> and how to <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/recognizing-language-nllanguagerecognizer/">recognize the language a natural language text is written in</a>. This week we will continue exploring more natural language APIs provided by the <code>NaturalLanguage</code> framework. We will learn about the <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/naturallanguage/nltagger">NLTagger</a> class, which allows us to to analyze natural language text to find parts of speech, lexical classes, lemma, scripts, and more. This API, introduced in iOS 12, implements machine learning to work, and just like the other <code>NaturalLanguage</code> classes, is very easy to use.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/recognizing-language-nllanguagerecognizer/Wed, 19 Feb 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/recognizing-language-nllanguagerecognizer/<p>Continuing my trend of writing about language processing, today I want to discuss about identifying the language of a body of text. This is an interesting task we can do thanks, once again, to Apple&rsquo;s investment in APIs linked to machine learning.</p> <p>Today we will explore the <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/naturallanguage/nllanguagerecognizer"><code>NLLanguageRecognizer</code></a> object. Introduced in iOS 12, this class can do a lot of language recognizing, from detecting the &ldquo;dominant language&rdquo; of a string, to all the possible languages.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/tokenizing-nltokenizer/Wed, 12 Feb 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/tokenizing-nltokenizer/<p>Working with Natural Language is possible thanks to machine learning. Starting on iOS 12, Apple has provided many APIs just for this task. In this article we will explore how to use <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/naturallanguage/nltokenizer"><code>NLTokenizer</code></a> to separate natural language text into its proper units.</p> <h1 id="introduction-to-natural-language-tokenizing">Introduction to Natural Language Tokenizing</h1> <p>If you are not familiar with the inner workings of Natural Language processing, tokenizing simply means that we separate a string and analyze it to find its semantic units. If you are writing a program that processes text, you may be tempted to split the string using a separator. For example, if you wanted to get all the words in a natural sentence string in an array, you would write something like this:</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/matching-nl-nsdatadetector/Wed, 05 Feb 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/matching-nl-nsdatadetector/<p>iOS has a lot of APIs that deal with natural language detection. One such class is <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsdatadetector"><code>NSDataDetector</code></a>. This class allows you to match different kinds of data in text, including dates, time, links, and more. This class, actually introduced a very long time ago (in the iOS 4.0 days!) makes it very easy to find this kind of data in strings. In this article we will explore how to use this very old class - whose documentation is Objective-C only at this time - in Swift, and how to do common tasks with it.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/speech-recognition-sfspeechrecognizer/Wed, 29 Jan 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/speech-recognition-sfspeechrecognizer/<p>As iOS becomes more advanced, features that we thought belonged to the long future start becoming more common place in today&rsquo;s software. One such feature is speech recognition, which allows a device to take verbal input from a user, transcribe it into text, and do something with it.</p> <p>In iOS, we can do this using a framework called <code>Speech</code>, and an object called <code>SFSpeechRecognizer</code>. With this class, you can perform all kinds of speech recognition tasks.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/cryptokit-secure-enclave/Wed, 15 Jan 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/cryptokit-secure-enclave/<p>CryptoKit and the Secure Enclave</p> <p>Apple&rsquo;s <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/common-cryptographic-operations-with-cryptokit/">CryptoKit</a> introduced this year is full of amazing features. Not only does it offer very easy to use cryptography, but it also offers an interface to a security feature that Apple introduced less than a decade ago: The Secure Enclave.</p> <p>The Secure Enclave is a hardware feature for helping the system work with cryptographically secure data. In this article, we will build upon our previous CryptoKit knowledge (see the article linked above), and we will also learn what the Secure Enclave is all about.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/parametrized-shortcuts/Wed, 08 Jan 2020 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/parametrized-shortcuts/<p>All the way back to 2016, a group of very talented iOS developers released <a href="workflow.is">Workflow</a>, a very popular app to let users create actions of different kinds within the system&rsquo;s constraints. You could create and automate different tasks, such as controlling a server via SSH, downloading all the images from a website, and more&hellip; Much, much more.</p> <p>Apple saw the power of the app and <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/22/apple-has-acquired-workflow-a-powerful-automation-tool-for-ipad-and-iphone/">acquired</a> it in March 2017. This was very exciting, but we didn&rsquo;t hear anything from the app since. Until WWDC 2018. Apple revealed a new app: Shortcuts. This app was built on top of Workflow, and as an Apple app, it allowed it to do many things that Workflow just wasn&rsquo;t allowed to do, such as toggling system settings, integrating it with other apps (!!), and it was also natively integrated into Siri.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/projects/aiicloudsync/Tue, 31 Dec 2019 17:27:58 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/projects/aiicloudsync/<p><a href="https://github.com/AndyIbanez/AIiCloudSync">GitHub Repository</a></p> <hr> <h1 id="aiicloudsync">AIiCloudSync</h1> <p>AIiCloudSync is a simple Package written in Swift to synchronize specific UserDefaults with the iCloud Key Value store (<code>NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore</code>).</p> <p>To use this package, create a single instance of <code>AIiCloudSync</code>, and keep a reference to it. Once you create it, you don&rsquo;t need to worry about it any longer. It will automatically sync changes between iCloud and your local UserDefaults through the lifetime of your application. You can optionally receive notifications when the iCloud Syncs change so you can react accordingly.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-background-tasks-ios13/Wed, 25 Dec 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/modern-background-tasks-ios13/<p>In the <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/background-execution-in-ios/">article from last week</a>, we explored the basic background execution APIs introduced since iOS 7. We explored how we could request additional time for a task to complete after entering the background, how we could defer downloads with URLSession, and how we could use silent push notifications to trigger background tasks.</p> <p>The story with background tasks does not end there. iOS 13 introduced more APIs to do better background tasks, and that allow you to do things that weren&rsquo;t possible before. Apple gave us the new shiny <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/backgroundtasks"><code>BackgroundTasks</code></a> framework on WWDC2019. This framework gives developers more flexibility and less constraints to execute code while their apps are in the background. Not only that, but the old Background App Refresh APIs have now been deprecated in favor of a new, modern way to perform them for your app. This changes unifies with the new Background Processing tasks which lets you do more work in the background, while a device is charging, and more.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/background-execution-in-ios/Wed, 18 Dec 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/background-execution-in-ios/<p>In the early days of iOS development, developers had no way at all to perform background tasks beyond a very limited constraints of tasks, like music playback. Modern demands go beyond allowing people to play music in your app while they use a different app, and we as developers need to adapt to these changes. VoIP, lengthy networking, and even silent pushes to keep an app updated are very common these days, and fulfilling these demands used to be hard, if not outright impossible.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/formatting-relative-dates-relativedatetimeformatter/Wed, 11 Dec 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/formatting-relative-dates-relativedatetimeformatter/<p>Formatting Relative Dates With RelativeDateTimeFormatter</p> <p>A few weeks ago we talked about <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/nsformatter/">formatting content with NSFormatter</a>, an abstract class from which multiple formatting classes inherit from to allow you to format different kinds of data in a human-readable form. <code>NSFormatter</code> is not only a class you can inherit from yourself, but as iOS evolves, more formatters will be added to its family. This week, we will explore a new member of this family introduced in iOS 13: <code>RelativeDateTimeFormatter</code>.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/nsuserdefaults-property-wrappers/Wed, 04 Dec 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/nsuserdefaults-property-wrappers/<hr> **Important Note** <p>Soon after I published this article, Christian Tietze wrote a fair criticism of this idea <a href="https://christiantietze.de/posts/2019/12/userdefaults-property-wrappers/">here</a>.</p> <p>Once you understand how property wrappers work, you can use this article to apply it to user defaults. The main idea is that property wrappers allow you to store your values differently and even externally. That said, you may or may not want to implement this in a real app. I recommend you read this article first, and then go back to Christian&rsquo;s to see more downsides of this idea other than the ones I mentioned below.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/intercepting-network-mitmproxy/Wed, 20 Nov 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/intercepting-network-mitmproxy/<p>If you have been programming mobile apps for a while, you must have used a web based API - JSON based or otherwise - and you have had to deal with bugs related to your requests and responses to a web service. You have likely asked yourself why some parsing code is not working as expected, or why a request seems to have an invalid format. Intercepting your own network calls with a proxy can help you find the answer to these questions.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/ios13-new-search-apis/Wed, 13 Nov 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/ios13-new-search-apis/<p>iOS has always provided interesting search APIs, but they have always been limited and doing the most interesting tasks required you to either write your own implementation or use private APIs.</p> <p>iOS 13 has provided some very nice improvements to the UI search APIs. In this article we will talk about two of them.</p> <h1 id="uisearchbar-finally-exposes-its-text-field">UISearchBar finally exposes its text field</h1> <p>I have been using <code>UISearchController</code> and <code>UISearchBar</code> for a <em>very</em> long time, and I have always found it bizarre that Apple didn&rsquo;t expose its underlying text field property. As of iOS 13, the search bar finally exposes it, in the form of a <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uisearchtextfield"><code>UISearchTextField</code></a> object.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/cryptokit-not-enough/Wed, 06 Nov 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/cryptokit-not-enough/<p><em>This article is a continuation to my <a href="https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/common-cryptographic-operations-with-cryptokit/%5D">Common Cryptographic Operations with CryptoKit</a> article. If you want to learn how to use CryptoKit, read that one instead, and come to this one when you need a feature not offered by it.</em></p> <p>As I have been playing with the amazing CryptoKit framework in the past few weeks, I have discovered a few more things that CryptoKit currently doesn&rsquo;t do. This is not generally a bad thing, and I <em>think</em> these limitations are related to what seem to be the goal of the framework:</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/pattern-matching/Wed, 30 Oct 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/pattern-matching/<p>Swift is a beautiful language, but it hides some powerful features from developers who come from more &ldquo;old-style&rdquo; programming languages such as C++ and Java. One such feature is Pattern Matching, and it allows you to write some cleaner code when dealing with some operations.</p> <p>For example, consider casting. Casting is a feature in the vast majority of statically-typed languages. Casting is considered to be an ugly operation by some, because when you need to cast, it&rsquo;s usually because the language has a flaw that prevents it from telling you about the right data type underneath. This is specially true when you add in Object-Oriented Programming and classes are marked to return a super type instead of a specific subtype. With pattern matching, you can more cleanly check for datatypes without having to worry about crashes or weird behavior.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/nsnotificationcenter/Wed, 23 Oct 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/nsnotificationcenter/<p>Sometimes when you are writing an app, you need to be notified of events occurring somewhere else in the system - either in your own app, or in the operating system - and react to them accordingly. For example, you may be an app like Snapchat and you want to know when a screenshot has been taken. This is a system notification that you can &ldquo;listen&rdquo; to in order to react. If you have an app like a photo gallery, you may need to know when the user adds a new photo so you can update all relevant UI and make other necessary updates.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/filtering-arrays-nspredicate/Wed, 16 Oct 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/filtering-arrays-nspredicate/<p>Whether you have been programming for a while or are new at it, chances are you have had the need to search for results in an array. And while Apple&rsquo;s SDKs for iOS, macOS, iPadOS, and watchOS all use Foundation and have a set of handy tools to make that task easier, there is one particular API that is very powerful but doesn&rsquo;t get much use unless you pair with other frameworks such as Core Data: NSPredicate.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/common-cryptographic-operations-with-cryptokit/Wed, 09 Oct 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/common-cryptographic-operations-with-cryptokit/<p>Apple has always taken security very seriously, so it&rsquo;s expected that they would provide developers with the same tools they have to help developers implement the same security measures in their apps. This year, Apple introduced <code>CryptoKit</code>.</p> <p>Apple providing new cryptography tools is nothing new. They have provided the <code>Security</code> framework for a <em>very</em> long time, and a few years later they introduced <code>CommonCrypto</code>. The problem with these frameworks is that they can be very low level, being written in C, and it can be intimidating for new developers to adopt them in their project. <code>CryptoKit</code> abstracts a lot of the details and it provides easier interfaces for common operations such as hashing, encrypting, and even signing.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/nsformatter/Wed, 25 Sep 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/nsformatter/<p>Very often, we need to deal with data in a &ldquo;raw&rdquo; format that, if displayed directly to the user, it makes little sense to them. This kind of data includes a date timestamp, the number of bytes in a big file, or numbers with no rounding a bunch of decimals. There is a lot of data like this, and we need to be able to format it and show it to the user.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/ipad-multiwindow-support/Wed, 18 Sep 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/ipad-multiwindow-support/<p>On WWDC2019, Apple decided to fork iOS into two different operating systems: iOS for iPhones, and iPadOS for iPads. This is to recognize the iPad as its own independent entity that has its own set of features compared to iOS. Amongst those features, iPadOS adds Multiwindow support, which allows our apps to run in more than one Window at the same time.</p> <h1 id="what-exactly-is-multi-window-support-and-how-does-it-work">What exactly is Multi-window support, and how does it work?</h1> <p>iOS 9 introduced the Slide Over and Split Screen features for iPad, which allowed us to run two different apps side by side at the same time. Multi-window support on iPadOS allows you to do this with two windows of your own app, and more.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/swift-result-type/Wed, 11 Sep 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/swift-result-type/<p>Error handling when expecting a result out of an operation is a very common thing to do. For this reason, various high-level programming languages have introduced a <code>Result</code> type into their libraries, on top of their existing error-handling features. This feature was implemented in Swift 5.</p> <p>A <code>Result</code> wraps a success or a failure. It is essentially an <code>enum</code> with two possible cases: <code>.success</code> and <code>.failure</code>. The <code>.success</code> case wraps the correct result of an operation, whereas a <code>.failure</code> wraps an <code>Error</code>. Its implementation uses generics, so you always know what you are going to get back.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/building-urls-with-nsurlcomponents/Wed, 04 Sep 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/building-urls-with-nsurlcomponents/<p>If you have been programming for Apple platforms for a while, chances are you have seen (or maybe even wrote yourself) a line of code that looks like this:</p> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#cdd6f4;background-color:#1e1e2e;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-swift" data-lang="swift"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f38ba8">let</span> <span style="color:#f5e0dc">url</span> = URL(string: <span style="color:#a6e3a1">&#34;https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;q=pullip&#34;</span>)<span style="color:#89dceb;font-weight:bold">!</span> </span></span></code></pre></div><p>Whether you wrote it yourself or someone else did it, one thing is clear: This is not a safe way to build URLs. Can you know, for sure, that your URL is actually valid? Intuitively, all of us can see a URL and see if it&rsquo;s valid, but there is a <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1738.html">whole lot of governing</a> in the URL format that at some point we may find funny URLs that look valid and aren&rsquo;t, or the other way around; they look invalid, but aren&rsquo;t.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/caching-content-with-nscache/Wed, 28 Aug 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/caching-content-with-nscache/<p>When we are working with apps on iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS, or TVOS, it&rsquo;s possible that at some point we will have to store and retrieve a lot of temporary data throughout the lifecycle of our software. Depending on our needs, we may need to cache data on disk and manually manage it ourselves, or we may only need it to cache it in memory. In the case of the latter, Apple offers <code>NSCache</code>, a mutable collection that lets us cache files in memory using key-value pairs.</p>https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/exploring-the-nsoperation-apis/Wed, 21 Aug 2019 07:00:00 -0400https://www.andyibanez.com/posts/exploring-the-nsoperation-apis/<p><em>The original title for this article was posted on my old website in 2012 and it was titled &ldquo;Multithreading on iOS And Mac OS X Using NSOperations&rdquo;. The original examples were written in Objective-C. This article has been rewritten from scratch not only to give the examples in Swift, but also to improve the quality of the old article. It has been shortened, and both language and tone have been revised.</em></p>